Video-observed treatment for tuberculosis patients in Belarus: findings from the first programmatic experience

The treatment of tuberculosis requires daily intake of multiple medications for between 6 months and 2 years, or more [1, 2]. This long duration predisposes to the interruption of medications with the risk of the emergence of drug resistance, death, disease persistence and continued transmission of tuberculosis in the community. Directly observed treatment, together with patient support, has been recommended to improve adherence [3]. However, daily treatment observation presents challenges for both patients and observers, which have limited its implementation [4]. Digital technologies, like video (or virtually)-observed treatment (VOT) can help bridge the gap between patients and health services and promote adherence [5]. VOT usually requires patients to film themselves taking medications on a computer or mobile device and then transmit these images to a remote observer via the internet [6–9]. Video technology has been available for more than a decade, but the increasing availability of smartphones and broadband internet is making VOT practical to implement even in resource-constrained settings.